By Ibn Hibban (may Allah have mercy on him)
1. A sickness which prevents the person from attending
عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ آخِرُ نَظْرَةٍ نَظَرْتُهَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- كَشَفَ السِّتَارَةَ وَالنَّاسُ صُفُوفٌ خَلْفَ أَبِى بَكْرٍ رضى الله عنه فَأَرَادَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَرْتَدَّ فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَنِ امْكُثُوا وَأَلْقَى السِّجْفَ وَتُوُفِّىَ مِنْ آخِرِ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَذَلِكَ يَوْمُ الاِثْنَيْنِ
It was narrated that Anas said: “The last time I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he drew the curtain when the people were in rows behind Abu Bakr – May Allah be pleased with him. Abu Bakr wanted to step back, but he gestured to them to stay as they were, and let the curtain drop. He died at the end of that day, and that day was Monday.” [ An-Nias’I 1832]
2. A meal is ready
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- « إِذَا حَضَرَ الْعَشَاءُ وَأُقِيمَتِ الصَّلاَةُ فَابْدَءُوا بِالْعَشَاءِ.
The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “ If dinner is ready and the Iqamah for prayer is said, then start with dinner first. “ [ An-Nisa’I 854]
3. Forgetfulness or sleep
كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- إِذْ قَالَ بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ لَوْ عَرَّسْتَ بِنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ « إِنِّى أَخَافُ أَنْ تَنَامُوا عَنِ الصَّلاَةِ ». قَالَ بِلاَلٌ أَنَا أَحْفَظُكُمْ. فَاضْطَجَعُوا فَنَامُوا وَأَسْنَدَ بِلاَلٌ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ فَاسْتَيْقَظَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- وَقَدْ طَلَعَ حَاجِبُ الشَّمْسِ فَقَالَ « يَا بِلاَلُ أَيْنَ مَا قُلْتَ ». قَالَ مَا أُلْقِيَتْ عَلَىَّ نَوْمَةٌ مِثْلُهَا قَطُّ
“ We were with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) when some of the people said: why do you not stop us to rest a while, O Messenger of Allah ? He said : “ I am afraid that you will sleep and miss the prayer.” Bilal said: I will wake you up.” So they laid down and slept , and Bilal leaned back on his mount. Then the Messenger of Allah woke up when the sun had already started to rise and he said” “ O Bilal, what about what you told us? “ He said: “ I have never slept like that before.”…[ An-Nisa’I 847]
4. A person is obese and can’t attend
أَنَسُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَنَسًا يَقُولُ قَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ إِنِّى لاَ أَسْتَطِيعُ الصَّلاَةَ مَعَكَ . وَكَانَ رَجُلاً ضَخْمًا ، فَصَنَعَ لِلنَّبِىِّ – صلى الله عليه وسلم – طَعَامًا فَدَعَاهُ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ ، فَبَسَطَ لَهُ حَصِيرًا وَنَضَحَ طَرَفَ الْحَصِيرِ ، صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ
Narrated Anas bin Sireen : I heard Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) saying, “ A man from the Ansar said to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) , “ I cannot offer As-Salat with you (in congregation).” He was a very fat man and he prepared a meal for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and invited him to his house. He spread out a mat for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and washed one of its sides with water, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) offered two Rak’a prayers on it…” [ Bukhari 670]
5. A person has to answer the call to nature
عن أبي هريرة ، قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : « لا يصل أحدكم وهو يدافعه الأخبثان
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said, The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “ None of you should pray while suppressing the call of nature. “ [ Ibn Hibban 2107]
6. A person fears for his wellbeing or property on the road to the masjid
مَحْمُودِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ. أَنَّ عِتْبَانَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ كَانَ يَؤُمُّ قَوْمَهُ وَهُوَ أَعْمَى وَأَنَّهُ قَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- إِنَّهَا تَكُونُ الظُّلْمَةُ وَالْمَطَرُ وَالسَّيْلُ وَأَنَا رَجُلٌ ضَرِيرُ الْبَصَرِ فَصَلِّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فِى بَيْتِى مَكَانًا أَتَّخِذُهُ مُصَلًّى.
فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فَقَالَ « أَيْنَ تُحِبُّ أَنْ أُصَلِّىَ لَكَ ». فَأَشَارَ إِلَى مَكَانٍ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ فَصَلَّى فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم
It was narrated from Mahmoud bin Ar-Rabi’ that Itban bin Malik used to lead his people in prayer, and he was blind. He said to the messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) : Sometimes it is dark or rainy or there is a flood, and I am a blind man; O Messenger of Allah, (come and ) pray on a place in my house , so I can take it as a prayer place.” He said: Where would you like me to pray for you?” He showed him a place in his house, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed there.” [ An-Nisa’ 789]
7. The temperature is extremely cold
عن ابن عمر : أنه وجد ذات ليلة بردا شديدا فأذن من معه فصلوا في رحالهم وقال : إني رأيت رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم إذا كان مثل هذا أمر الناس أن يصلوا في رحالهم
Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: One night he found it was very cold, so he allowed the people who were with him to pray in their homes. Ibn Umar said, “I saw the Messenger do the same thing when the weather conditions were like this. He ordered the people to pray in their homes.” [ Ibn Hibban 2076]
8. Rain
عَنْ نَافِعٍ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ أَذَّنَ بِالصَّلاَةِ فِى لَيْلَةٍ ذَاتِ بَرْدٍ وَرِيحٍ فَقَالَ أَلاَ صَلُّوا فِى الرِّحَالِ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- كَانَ يَأْمُرُ الْمُؤَذِّنَ إِذَا كَانَتْ لَيْلَةٌ بَارِدَةٌ ذَاتُ مَطَرٍ يَقُولُ أَلاَ صَلُّوا فِى الرِّحَالِ.
Nafi’ narrated that Ibn Umar gave the call to prayer on a cold and windy night, and he said: “ Pray where you are, for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to order the Mu’adhdhin, if it was a cold and rainy night to say: ” Pray in your homes.” [ An-Nisa’I 655]
9. Other reasons of fear, which frightens the person to attend the salah
عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَوْسٍ يَقُولُ أَنْبَأَنَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مُنَادِىَ النَّبِىِّ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- يَعْنِى فِى لَيْلَةٍ مَطِيرَةٍ فِى السَّفَرِ يَقُولُ حَىَّ عَلَى الصَّلاَةِ حَىَّ عَلَى الْفَلاَحِ صَلُّوا فِى رِحَالِكُمْ.
Amr bin Aws said : “ A man of Thaqif told us that he heard the caller of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on a rainy night during a journey saying : Hayya ‘ala as-salah, Hayya ala al-falah, sallu fi rihalikum (come to prayer, come to success, pray in your dwellings. “[ An-Nisa’I 654]
10. Eating garlic and onions
قَالَ « مَنْ أَكَلَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ فَلاَ يَقْرَبْنَا حَتَّى يَذْهَبَ رِيحُهَا »
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Whoever eats from these plants mustn’t come to the masjid until its smell is gone. [ Abu Dawud 3828]
Taken from Ibn Hibban’s Saheeh with the checking from Shuaib Ar-naut 5/ 417-439]
Translated by Abu Aaliyah Abdullah ibn Dwight Battle
Doha, Qatar 1/23/1432
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